Background: Gestational diabetes is defined as glucose intolerance with variable severity which starts or is first diagnosed during pregnancy. Globally on the rise, this health condition is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. Pregnant women with diabetes are at high risk of infection because high blood sugar levels provide food for many INFECTIONS, including yeast, making it easier for the yeast to grow. This study aimed to examine the relationship between VAGINAL INFECTIONS and gestational diabetes. Methods: This study enrolled 300 pregnant women with gestational diabetes as the patient group and 300 pregnant women without gestational diabetes as the control group. The research tool in this study was a questionnaire and performing a warm and wet slide staining test on the VAGINAL swab sample. Results: The mean age was 31.97±6.02 in the women with gestational diabetes and 30.98± 6.80 in the women without gestational diabetes. Smoking was zero in both groups. The frequency of VAGINAL infection was 34 (11.3%) in the patient group and 26(8.7%) in the control group. VAGINAL INFECTIONS showed no significant association with gestational diabetes. Conclusion: Despite its high prevalence, VAGINAL INFECTIONS showed no significant association with gestational diabetes. Still, the high prevalence of infection in the two groups demands more attention from the healthcare system and obstetrician-gynecologists to check the infection before and after pregnancy.

Background: Vaginitis is a common medical problem in females. Bacterial vaginosis, vulvoVAGINAL candidiasis and trichomoniasis are the main etiologies of infectious vaginitis.Objectives: This study was designed to assess the relationship between contraceptive methods and common VAGINAL INFECTIONS.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 250 females were evaluated from December 2012 to February 2013. The researcher-made questionnaire included questions about individual characteristics and contraceptive methods. The participants underwent a gynecological exam. Specimens were collected from posterior fornix of the subjects and polymerase chain reaction assay was done to diagnose vaginitis. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (version 17) and also descriptive and analytical statistics (chi-square, t test and fisher’s exact test). P values of<0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: On the basis of the findings, 43.6% of females suffered from vaginitis. Overall, 65.56% of participants used contraceptive methods. Condom use was the most prevalent method of contraception. A significant relationship was found between suffering from different types of common VAGINAL INFECTIONS and using contraceptive methods (P=0.017). The percentage of females with candidiasis amongst hormonal contraceptive users, and the percentage of individuals amongst non-hormonal contraceptive users were higher than the others.Conclusions: Contraceptives can increase the risk of vaginitis. Hence, health care providers should consider the probability of vaginitis in addition to the indications and contraindications of contraceptive methods and should guide couples in taking a step forward for improving their sexual and reproductive health.

Background: Currently, with the omission of speculum in VAGINAL examination, noninvasive methods to diagnose gonorrhea and chlamydia by urine tests are available. It is now possible to diagnose bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis by VAGINAL swabs directly without speculum examination.Purpose: This quasi-experimental study was conducted to compare the results of two sampling methods with or without speculum of VAGINAL discharge in diagnosing gynecological INFECTIONS.Methods: 100 patients between 18-49 with VAGINAL discharge and other manifestations of vaginosis referring to gynecology clinic of Taleghani hospital were selected by convenience sampling method. One VAGINAL swab was used before examination with speculum and one during it to collect the discharge for diagnosing trichomoniasis, candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis. Both samples were observed under microscope by blind method and compared in terms of sensitivity.Results: Sensitivities of discharge collection with and without speculum for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and candidiasis were %81 and %71, 69% and %62.5, and %86 and %77 respectively with no significant difference. Agreements between the two methods for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and candidiasis were 0.89, 0.85 and 0.72 respectively.Conclusion: Gynecological INFECTIONS can be detected without examination by speculum. This is helpful for those who fear from this type of examination and delay their visits.

Introduction: Mycoplasma Hominis and Ureaplasma Urealiticum are bacterial floras of vagina. In some studies their role in VAGINAL INFECTIONS is emphasized but there are differences of opinions. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and role of genital Mycoplasmas in women with VAGINAL INFECTIONS in northern city of Iran, Gorgan.Methods: Thisstudy was done by evaluation VAGINAL discharge of 235 women with VAGINAL INFECTIONS who were referred to Gorgan Deziani Hospital in 2007. Diagnosis of infection type was done by Amsel method, clinical observations and microscopic evaluations. Diagnosis of Mycoplasma was done with culture in PPLO Broth and Agar media, and PCR with specific primers of 16S rDNA of Mycoplasma Hominis species and the primer of urease gene of Ureaplasma Urealiticum. SPSS software used to record the data and they were analyzed by c2 and t-test. p<0.05 was considered as significant.Results: Mycoplasma was isolated in VAGINAL discharges of 30 women (12.8%). Its prevalence in woman with bacterial vaginosis was 14.3% and 11.9% in women with vaginitis. Mycoplasma Hominis was isolated in 18 women (7.7%) and Ureaplasma Urealiticum in another 18 (7.7%) of them. 6 (20%) women were contaminated with both M. Hominis and U. Urealiticum at the same time. Over 83% of women with Mycoplasma had higher than 4.5 pH discharge and the average age of women with Mycoplasmas was significantly more than the women without Mycoplasmas (34.2 years vs. 30.9 years). The mean number of white blood cells and Lactoform bacteria in women contaminated with Mycoplasma and without Mycoplasma was 3.2 compared to 6.5, and 7.4 compared to 42.1 respectively. These differences were statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: Prevalence of genital Mycoplasma in women with VAGINAL INFECTIONS is lower than expected and this issue is not directly related to the type of VAGINAL infection. The reduced number of white blood cells and Lactobacill, PH>4.5 of VAGINAL discharge and older age of women could increase the probability of Mycoplasma infection.

Introduction: Human vagina represents a dynamic ecosystem dominated by certain species of Lactobacillus. These microorganisms restrict the growth of pathogens by using properties of steric exclusion and inhibitory substance production. Women with reduced numbers of lactobacilli usually experience serious complications including bacterial and fungal INFECTIONS. External application of these medicines causes appropriate growth of Lactobacillus which consequently reduces the INFECTIONS. The aim of this research is to compare the application of Povidone iodine and Clotrimazol cream on VAGINAL INFECTIONS. The aim of this research is comparison of treatment with Povidone-iodine and clotrimazole onMaterials & Methods: VAGINAL discharge of women referring to Rasht’s Alzahra hospital was transferred to lab. Samples were plated on sabouraud dextrose agar medium for isolation of fungi. Specific tests were done for the study of Candida albicans. Also, different dilution of povidone-iodine and clotrimazole were tested on samples.Findings: According to results of culture medium, clotrimazole had better effect on Candida albicans in comparison with povidone-iodine.Discussion & Conclusion: Due to the side effects and unpleasant picture of povidoneiodine usage, clotrimazole is suitable against Candida albicans INFECTIONS.

Background and Aim: Regarding the importance and prevalence of lichen planus among patients and rarity of Oro- Vulval-VAGINAL and Peno-Gingival syndromes, that need more attention for diagnosis because of simultaneous oral and genital involvement, we are going to review the symptoms and early diagnosis of these patients. The aim of this article is to report two patients with Oro-Vulval-VAGINAL syndrome and two patients with Peno- Gingival syndrome with a short review on these syndromes and their treatments. Case Report: This study is a case report four patients with these syndromes who attended oral medicine department. For each patient a complete document consisting of demographic information, medical, dental, familial and social history was prepared and a photograph was taken from the oral lesions at the first visit and for definite diagnosis of genital lesions consultation with Dermatologist and OB &GYN Surgeon was done. After biopsy and definite diagnosis simultaneous treatment for oral and genital lesions started.Regarding the severity of lesions and acceptable response to the primary treatment, type and dose of the drug was changed and finally the patients were placed in follow up phase.Conclusion: Regarding the outcome of neglecting Lichen Planus in other organs and delay in accurate diagnosis and lack of receiving enough and on time treatment, performing an exact examination and taking a complete history with attention to other organ's symptoms is of great importance. More over malignant changes in even asymptomatic oral and genital lesions is probable.

Background and Objective: Recurrent urinary tract INFECTIONS are common in women, cause significant complications and costs, and can even be an annoying management problem for doctors. Therefore, it is essential to identify the most appropriate method to prevent it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of adding VAGINAL probiotics to standard antibiotic treatment in recurrent urinary tract INFECTIONS. Materials and Methods: The study included 128 participants, with 64 individuals receiving probiotics as the intervention group and 64 individuals not receiving probiotics as the control group. After registering the patients' information, the recurrence of infection in both groups was also recorded. The chi-square test and Independent Sample t-test were used to compare the data. Results:  The results of our study showed that the rate of recurrence of urinary tract infection was observed in 22 people (17. 2%). Although the frequency of urinary infection recurrence in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group (15. 6% vs. 28. 1%), this difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, no significant difference was found between the rate of recurrence and age, body mass index, occupation, and the type of antibiotic received. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of recurrent urinary tract INFECTIONS in women and the growing trend of this disease, it is difficult to arrive at conclusive results regarding the effectiveness of probiotics in preventing the recurrence of this infection. As a result, there is a need for more research involving larger sample sizes and various patient groups to obtain more precise outcomes.